{"id":2620,"date":"2025-06-30T11:05:25","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T11:05:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carpathiacenter.ro\/?p=2620"},"modified":"2025-06-30T11:05:25","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T11:05:25","slug":"30-iunie-ziua-internationala-a-parlamentarismului-onu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carpathiacenter.ro\/en\/30-iunie-ziua-internationala-a-parlamentarismului-onu\/","title":{"rendered":"30 iunie – Ziua interna\u021bional\u0103 a parlamentarismului (ONU)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ziua interna\u021bional\u0103 a parlamentarismului este marcat\u0103 anual, la 30 iunie, \u00een aceast\u0103 zi fiind fondat\u0103, \u00een 1989, Uniunea Interparlamentar\u0103. S-a considerat c\u0103 instituirea unei zile interna\u021bionale a parlamentelor este deosebit de important\u0103 \u00eentr-un moment critic pentru democra\u021bia parlamentar\u0103, c\u00e2nd oamenii \u00ee\u0219i pierd \u00eencrederea \u00een institu\u021biile politice \u0219i democra\u021bia \u00eens\u0103\u0219i se confrunt\u0103 cu provoc\u0103rile mi\u0219c\u0103rilor populiste \u0219i na\u021bionaliste, conform\u00a0https:\/\/www.ipu.org\/<\/a>\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0https:\/\/www.un.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen acest context, ONU consider\u0103 c\u0103, pentru ca democra\u021bia s\u0103 prospere, parlamentele, ca piatr\u0103 de temelie a democra\u021biilor func\u021bionale, trebuie s\u0103 fie puternice, transparente, responsabile \u0219i reprezentative.<\/p>\n

Aniversarea acestei zile a fost stabilit\u0103 \u00een 2018 de c\u0103tre Adunarea General\u0103 a Na\u021biunilor Unite, prin A\/RES\/72\/278, care a recunoscut rolul parlamentelor \u00een planurile \u0219i strategiile na\u021bionale \u0219i \u00een asigurarea unei mai mari transparen\u021be \u0219i responsabilitate la nivel na\u021bional \u0219i global. ONU pune \u00een discu\u021bie \u0219i conceptul de diploma\u021bie parlamentar\u0103, ca modalitate de a construi rela\u021bii \u0219i de a promova cooperarea \u00eentre parlamentele na\u021bionale. Multe parlamente \u00ee\u0219i \u00eencurajeaz\u0103 membrii s\u0103 participe la organiza\u021bii interparlamentare, schimburi bilaterale \u0219i alte ini\u021biative de diploma\u021bie parlamentar\u0103. \u00cen acest fel, parlamentarii pot reprezenta interesele \u021b\u0103rilor lor, pot \u00eencuraja dialogul \u0219i cooperarea cu omologii din alte na\u021biuni \u0219i pot lucra pentru construirea unui consens cu privire la problemele interna\u021bionale, scrie\u00a0https:\/\/www.un.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tema din 2025 a zilei este ‘Achieving gender equality, action by action’\/ ‘Realizarea egalit\u0103\u021bii de gen, ac\u021biune cu ac\u021biune’, marc\u00e2nd un an crucial, \u00een care Declara\u021bia de la Beijing \u0219i Platforma de Ac\u021biune Beijing, planul global pentru egalitatea de gen, \u00ee\u0219i marcheaz\u0103 cea de-a 30-a aniversare. Declara\u021bia de la Beijing, adoptat\u0103 de guverne \u00een 1995, este un document ce stabile\u0219te angajamentele guvernelor \u00een privin\u021ba consolid\u0103rii drepturilor femeilor. Statele membre au reafirmat \u0219i au consolidat platforma \u00een 2000 \u00een cadrul conferin\u021bei de revizuire Beijing +5, \u0219i au promis s\u0103 accelereze implementarea sa \u00een cadrul Beijing +10 (2015), Beijing +15 (2010) \u0219i Beijing +20 (2015) etc, potrivit site-urilor\u00a0https:\/\/www.ipu.org\/<\/a>,\u00a0https:\/\/euneighbourseast.eu\/<\/a>,\u00a0https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 2024 s-a marcat cea de-a 135-a aniversare a Uniunii Interparlamentare, fiind un bun prilej de a vedea care sunt progresele pe care parlamentele le-au f\u0103cut \u00een atingerea unor obiective cum ar fi reprezentativitatea, adaptarea la contextul actual, includerea mai multor femei \u0219i tineri \u00een legislative etc., conform paginii de Facebook International Day of Parliamentarism 2024.<\/p>\n

Temele edi\u021biilor anterioare au fost: ‘Parliaments for the planet’ (2023), ‘Citizen engagement and public participation in the work of parliaments around the world (2022)’, ‘I Say Yes to Youth in Parliament!’ (2021), ‘Member events for 2020 (2020)’, ‘IPU’s 130th anniversary!’ (2019), conform\u00a0https:\/\/www.ipu.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Regimurile parlamentare sunt acele regimuri caracterizate de un guvern responsabil \u00een fa\u021ba parlamentului, no\u021biunea de democra\u021bia parlamentar\u0103 fiind produsul secolului al XX-lea, ce a urmat apari\u021biei \u0219i extinderii sufragiului universal. Criteriul minim al democra\u021biei fiind considerat votul universal. \u00cen majoritatea \u021b\u0103rilor cu un regim de monarhie constitu\u021bional\u0103, precum Marea Britanie, Scandinavia sau Benelux, democra\u021bia a fost introdus\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu dec\u00e2t regimul parlamentar. Doar \u00een unele monarhii autoritare a fost introdus sau p\u0103strat votul universal, f\u0103r\u0103 a avea \u00eens\u0103 \u0219i un regim parlamentar cu guvern responsabil \u00een fa\u021ba parlamentelor (ex: Fran\u021ba – 1851 sau Germania – 1871), se arat\u0103 pe site-ul\u00a0https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cercet\u0103rile recente, conceptul de parlamentarism este definit prin prisma discu\u021biilor despre deliberare (parlamentar\u0103), reprezentare, responsabilitate \u0219i suveranitate, sau prin prisma libert\u0103\u021bilor parlamentare (libertatea de exprimare, mandatul liber, alegerile libere etc). De asemenea, dezbaterile conceptuale recente din jurul parlamentarismului includ deficitul \u00een cre\u0219tere a legitimit\u0103\u021bii parlamentelor na\u021bionale, conform articolului ‘Parliamentarism: A Concept and its Practice’ (Kari Palonen \u0219i Zoltan Gabor Szucs) publicat pe site-ul\u00a0https:\/\/ecpr.eu\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent, aproape fiecare \u021bar\u0103 din lume are o form\u0103 de parlament, sistemele politice parlamentare clasific\u00e2ndu-se \u00een dou\u0103 categorii: bicameral \u0219i unicameral. Din 190 de parlamente na\u021bionale din lume, 78 sunt bicamerale (156 de camere) \u0219i 112 sunt unicamerale, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 aproximativ 46.000 de membri \u00een \u00eentreaga lume, conform\u00a0https:\/\/www.ipu.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Uniunea Interparlamentar\u0103<\/strong>
\nUniunea Interparlamentar\u0103 (UIP) a fost creat\u0103 la 30 iunie 1889, \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care nu existau mijloace prin care guvernele \u0219i parlamentele s\u0103 coopereze la nivel interna\u021bional. Ideea reunirii parlamentarilor din diferite \u021b\u0103ri c\u00e2\u0219tigase teren \u00een r\u00e2ndul pacifi\u0219tilor \u00een anii 1870 \u0219i 1880, dar p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1889 nimeni nu transformase ideea \u00een realitate. Bazele Uniunii au fost puse de c\u0103tre englezii William Randal Cremer \u0219i Frenchman Frederic Passy, laurea\u021bi ai Nobelului pentru Pace. La 30 iunie 1889, Passy a fost ales pre\u0219edinte \u0219i Cremer vicepre\u0219edinte.<\/p>\n

Trei ani mai t\u00e2rziu, grupul \u0219i-a \u00eenfiin\u021bat sediul, Biroul Interparlamentar, la Berna, \u00een Elve\u021bia, Albert Gobat fiind secretar general voluntar p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1909. Eforturile acestor personalit\u0103\u021bi au condus la crearea primei organiza\u021bii politice interna\u021bionale, oferind cadrul cooper\u0103rii multilaterale \u00eentre na\u021biuni de ast\u0103zi. Uniunea Interparlamentar\u0103 a jucat un rol esen\u021bial \u00een \u00eenfiin\u021barea Cur\u021bii Permanente de Arbitraj de la Haga \u00een 1899, precum \u0219i \u00een \u00een crearea Ligii Na\u021biunilor \u00een 1919 \u0219i a Na\u021biunilor Unite \u00een 1945. Actuala denumire de Uniunea Interparlamentar\u0103 dateaz\u0103 din 1899, scrie\u00a0https:\/\/www.ipu.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent, Uniunea Interparlamentar\u0103 reune\u0219te 181 de parlamente na\u021bionale. UIP \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 ajute parlamentele s\u0103 devin\u0103 mai reprezentative, mai echilibrate \u00een func\u021bie de gen, mai tinere, mai transparente, accesibile, responsabile \u0219i eficiente.<\/p>\n

Idealurile democratice ale UIP au fost consacrate \u00een dou\u0103 declara\u021bii importante: Declara\u021bia privind criteriile pentru alegeri libere \u0219i corecte (1994) \u0219i Declara\u021bia Universal\u0103 asupra Democra\u021biei (1997). AGERPRES\/ (Documentare – Ionela Gavril, editor: Irina Andreea Cristea, editor online: Andreea Preda)<\/p>\n

Sursa:https:\/\/agerpres.ro\/documentare\/2025\/06\/30\/30-iunie—ziua-internationala-a-parlamentarismului-onu–1463985<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ziua interna\u021bional\u0103 a parlamentarismului este marcat\u0103 anual, la 30 iunie, \u00een aceast\u0103 zi fiind fondat\u0103, \u00een 1989, Uniunea Interparlamentar\u0103. S-a considerat c\u0103 instituirea unei zile interna\u021bionale a parlamentelor este deosebit de important\u0103 \u00eentr-un moment critic pentru democra\u021bia parlamentar\u0103, c\u00e2nd oamenii \u00ee\u0219i pierd \u00eencrederea \u00een institu\u021biile politice \u0219i democra\u021bia \u00eens\u0103\u0219i se confrunt\u0103 cu provoc\u0103rile mi\u0219c\u0103rilor populiste…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2622,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n30 iunie - Ziua interna\u021bional\u0103 a parlamentarismului (ONU) - Carpathia Center Romania<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/carpathiacenter.ro\/en\/30-iunie-ziua-internationala-a-parlamentarismului-onu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"30 iunie - Ziua interna\u021bional\u0103 a parlamentarismului (ONU) - Carpathia Center Romania\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ziua interna\u021bional\u0103 a parlamentarismului este marcat\u0103 anual, la 30 iunie, \u00een aceast\u0103 zi fiind fondat\u0103, \u00een 1989, Uniunea Interparlamentar\u0103. 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